Diferencias en el autoconcepto entre alumnado con altas capacidades y alumnado general: un metaanálisis desde 2005 hasta 2020 / Differences in self-concept between gifted and non-gifted students: Ameta-analysis from 2005 to 2020

Los estudiantes con altas capacidades, aquellos que presentan una mayor probabilidad de lograr metas extraordinarias en uno o más dominios, generalmente difieren del alumnado general en algunas de las dimensiones del autoconcepto, o la percepción que tiene una persona de sí misma. Sin embargo, la investigación actual sobre altas capacidades ha evolucionado introduciendo nuevos posibles moderadores en estas diferencias por lo que se hace necesaria una actualización sobre el tema. El objetivo del presente metaanálisis (referencia: CRD42018094723) fue sintetizar los estudios desde 2005 sobre las diferencias en el autoconcepto entre estudiantes con altas capacidades y alumnado general. Los resultados mostraron que los alumnos con altas capacidades presentan niveles superiores de autoconcepto global y académico, especialmente el matemático. Sin embargo, no se hallaron diferencias en autoconceptos conductual y emocional, y hubo puntuaciones levemente más bajas en autoconcepto social. En el autoconcepto físico, estos estudiantes puntúan notablemente más bajo que el alumnado general. Las diferencias en esta subdimensión están moderadas por los procedimientos de identificación, la procedencia y la edad, por lo que se sugieren que los estereotipos sociales acerca de las altas capacidades, así como los hábitos de actividad física podrían estar detrás de las dichas diferencias.(AU)

Gifted students (i.e., those who are more likely to achieve ex-traordinary goals in one or more domains) generally differ from the non-gifted students in some of the dimensions of self-concept (i.e., a person's perception of him/herself). However, the current research on giftedness has evolvedto introduce new possible moderators of these differences so it has become necessary to carry out an update on the topic. The aim of the present meta-analysis (reference: CRD42018094723) was to synthesise the studies since 2005 on differences in self-concept between gifted and non-gifted students. The results showed that gifted students have higher levels of general and academic self-concept, especially in math self-concept. However, no differences were found in behavioural and emotion-al self-concepts, andonly slightly lower scores in social self-concept. In physical self-concept they scored significantly lower than non-gifted stu-dents. The differences in this sub-dimension are moderated by identifica-tion procedures, geographical area, and age, so it is suggested that social stereotypes about giftedness as well as physical activity habits may be some of the reasons for these differences.(AU)

Analysis of Tactical, Decisional and Executional Behaviour according to the Level of Expertise in Squash.

The objective of this study was to analyse the differences in tactical principles, decision-making and execution of the return shot and drop shot of squash players at different levels of proficiency. The sample was composed of 80 players, divided into four levels of expertise (first national category, second national category, autonomous regional level and provincial level). The Squash Performance Evaluation Tool was used for recording the level of decision-making and execution. The results revealed that reading of the context of the game improved as the level of the player's expertise of both the return shot and the drop shot increased. The correlation between correct decision-making and better quality execution for both the return shot and the drop shot in squash also improved with the player's level of expertise. According to these results, improvements in situational tactical principles and the application of tactical principles, correct decision-making and high-quality execution are essential to develop the athletic performance level among squash players.

Functional Assessment and Injury Risk in a Professional Soccer Team.

At the last World Conference on Sport and Physical Therapy celebrated in Bern (Switzerland, 2015), it was confirmed that the functional skills of an athlete are a very important variable to be considered in the recovery of an injury. On the other hand, its use as a predictive risk tool still lacks solid evidence. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a battery of functional tests (FPT) could be used as a preliminary measure for the season in order to identify the injury risk in a professional soccer team in the Spanish Second Division B League. Fifty-two soccer players (ages of 25.3 ± 4.6 years, 10.33% ± 0.9% fat) were functionally assessed during two seasons (2012⁻2013 and 2013⁻2014) and analyzed from an injury perspective. A total of 125 injuries were recorded. The sample was grouped based on the number of injuries and the required absence days. Except for the bipodal vertical jump (CMJ), none of the functional tests revealed differences among the groups. The correlation study between the functional condition and the suffered injuries did not show any significant results.

La Dismorfia Múscular en diferentes deportes: fútbol, gimnasia, halterofilia, natación y triatlón / La dismorfia muscular em diferentes deportes: futebol, gimnasia, halterofilia, natação e triatlón / Muscular dysmorphia in different sports: soccer, gymnastics, weightlifting, swimming and triathlon

La Dismorfia Muscular (DM), es un trastorno dismórfico corporal cuyos afectados se muestran insatisfechos con su tamaño y/o forma corporal. Se ha estudiado en deportistas de diferentes modalidades (Baghurst y Lirgg, 2009), no obstante se consideran insuficientes las investigaciones realizadas, por tanto el objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar síntomas de DM entre 485 deportistas (387 hombres y 98 mujeres). Las modalidades deportivas representadas fueron halterofilia (7.8 %), gimnasia artística (12.8 %), natación (10.9%), fútbol (44.1 %) y triatlón (24.3 %). Este estudio requirió la cumplimentación de un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala de Satisfacción Muscular, el Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Físico y el Somatomorphic Matrix, además del registro de las medidas antropométricas de los participantes. Los resultados revelaron la existencia de DM entre los deportistas, además de insatisfacción muscular y relaciones significativas entre los dominios del autoconcepto físico relacionados con ésta (autoconcepto físico general y atractivo físico (r = .73, p < .01), autoconcepto general y condición física (r = .72, p < .01)) (AU)

Muscular Dysmorphia (DM) is a body dysmorphic disorder whose sufferers are dissatisfied with their size and / or body shape. It has been studied in athletes of differents sports (Baghurst and Lirgg, 2009), but researchs is not enough. Therefore, the objective of this work was detected DM symptons among 485 athletes (387 men and 98 women). The sports represented were weightlifting (7.8%), artistic gymnastics (12.8%), swimming (10.9%), football (44.1%) and triathlon (24.3%). This study required the implementation of a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Escala de Satisfacción Muscular , the Physical Self-Concept Questionnaire and the Somatomorphic Matrix, in addition to collection the anthropometric measures of the participants. The results revealed the existence of DM symptoms among athletes, as well as muscular dissatisfaction and significant relationships between the domains of physical selfconcept related to this (general physical selfconcept and physical attractiveness (r = .73, p <.01), and general selfconcept with physical condition (r = 0.72, p <0.01)) (AU)

A Dismorfia Muscular (DM) é uma perturbação dismórfica corporal em que os sujeitos se mostram insatisfeitos com o seu tamanho e/ou forma corporal. Embora o número de investigações efetuadas seja escasso, a DM tem sido estudada em desportistas de diferentes modalidades (Baghurst y Lirgg, 2009). Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é perceber quais os sintomas de DM que os desportistas apresentam. Para o efeito, foram analisados 485 desportistas (387 homens e 98 mulheres), das modalidades de halterofilia (7.8%), ginástica artística (12.8%), natação (10.9%), futebol (44.1%) e triatlo (24.3%). Para a recolha de dados foi utilizada uma bateria de testes composta por dados sociodemográficos, Escala de Satisfação Muscular, Questionário de Autoconceito Físico, e pelo Somatomorphic Matrix, juntamente com o registo das medidas antropométricas dos participantes. Os resultados revelaram a existência de sintomas de DM entre os desportistas, insatisfação muscular e correlações significativas entre os domínios do autoconceito físico relacionados com ela (autoconceito físico geral e atração física (r = .73, p < .01), autoconceito geral e condição física (r = .72, p < .01)) (AU)

El comportamiento visual de bloqueadoras juveniles de voleibol y su relación con la precisión de su respuesta / / Comportamento visual dos juvenis de bloqueio voleibol e sua relação com a precisão de sua resposta / Visual behaviour of youth volleyball blockers and its relationship with their response accuracy

El presente estudio examina el comportamiento visual de jóvenes jugadoras de voleibol en la acción del bloqueo. El objetivo fue analizar las estrategias de búsqueda visual y las principales localizaciones de las fijaciones en el transcurso de la acción, estableciendo relaciones entre éstas y el porcentaje de aciertos. 29 jugadoras de voleibol (17,4 ± 0,9 años de edad) debían decidir la dirección de la colocación durante la visualización de secuencias de vídeo proyectadas a tamaño real. Se registraba su decisión mediante el movimiento de las jugadoras, que fue grabado por una cámara de vídeo a 25 fps y se analizó fotograma a fotograma. El comportamiento visual de las jugadoras se obtuvo mediante un sistema de seguimiento de la mirada (Mobile Eye de ASL), y se analizó en función de las dos direcciones de la colocación: zona 3 y zona 4. Se calculó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson entre el Porcentaje de aciertos totales y las diferentes variables de comportamiento visual, y se aplicó la estadística inferencial para comprobar las diferencias en función de la zona. Las jugadoras estaban más sincronizadas con la información relativa al balón que con la contenida en la colocadora, siendo esa la fuente de información en la que principalmente basaron sus decisiones. La fijación de la zona Balón-Muñeca en los momentos cercanos al contacto puede ser la clave para lograr una correcta anticipación en esta acción, ya que permitiría extraer información del balón y del brazo de la colocadora al mismo tiempo mediante la visión periférica (AU)

The present study examines the visual behavior of young volleyball players during block action. The aim was to analyze visual search behaviour and the main locations during the action, establishing relationships between them and the percentage of correct answers.29 female volleyball players (17,4 ± 0,9 years old) should decide the direction of the setting while the viewed video sequences projected in actual size. The players registered their decision through their movement, which was recorded by a video camera at 25 fps and analyzed frame by frame. Visual behavior of the players is obtained through a system of eye tracking (ASL Mobile Eye), and analyzed according to the two different ball destinations: Zone 3 and Zone 4. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated between the percentage of total hits and the different variables of visual behavior, and inferential statistics were applied to test for differences depending on the area. Players were more attuned to the information on the ball with that contained in the setter, and this is the source of information on which they based their decisions primarily. Fixing the ball-wrist area in early contact times may be the key to a correct anticipation in this action, as it would allow extracting information of the ball and the arm of the setter while using peripheral vision (AU)

O presente estudo analisa o comportamento visual dos jogadores de vôlei jovens no fechamento ação. O objetivo foi analisar as estratégias de busca visual e as principais localizações dos elementos de fixação no curso da ação, estabelecendo relações entre eles ea porcentagem de acertos. 29 jogadores de voleibol (17,4 ± 0,9 anos de idade) deve decidir no sentido da colocação ao exibir sequências de vídeo projetadas tamanho real. Os jogadores inscritos a sua decisão através do seu movimento, que foi gravado por uma câmera de vídeo a 25 fps e analisadas quadro a quadro. O comportamento visual dos jogadores é obtido através de um sistema de rastreamento (ASL móvel do olho) do olho, e analisados de acordo com os dois sentidos de colocação: Zonas 3 e 4. O coeficiente de correlação de Pearson foi calculado entre a porcentagem do total de hits e as diferentes variáveis de comportamento visual e estatística inferencial foram aplicados para testar as diferenças, dependendo da área. Os jogadores estavam mais sintonizados com a informação sobre a bola com a contida no setter, e esta é a fonte de informação em que se basearam as suas decisões, principalmente. Fixação da área de bola-doll em tempos de contato próximos pode ser a chave para a antecipação correta nesta ação, uma vez que permitiria extrair informação da bola e no braço do setter ao usar a visão periférica (AU)